学术界和工业有限的人力努力的更好时间序列分析了更好的时间序列。由业务场景驱动，我们为WSDM杯2020年组织了第一个自动化时间序列回归挑战（自动检修）。我们介绍了其设计，分析和后HOC实验。代码提交要求从任何手动干预中排除了参与者，在硬件和时间限制下，在许多数据集中测试解决方案的自动化机器学习能力。我们从各种应用领域（销售，功耗，空气质量，交通和停车）编制了10个数据集，具有缺失的数据，混合连续和分类变量以及各种采样率。每个数据集被分成培训和测试序列（流式传输，允许模型持续适应）。时间序列回归的设置与本时间的协变量中的经典预测不同。参与者制造了巨大的进步，以解决这种自动化问题，如采用样本提交的性能和Hoc与Autogluon的比较所示。基于特征工程，LightGBM和随机搜索的超参数调整，使用简单而有效的方法，解决了挑战的所有方面。我们的后HOC分析显示，提供额外的时间没有产生重大改进。获奖者的代码是开放的https://github.com/nehzux/autoseries。

为了通过分布式在线学习中的本地光计算处理复杂的约束，最近的一项研究提出了一种称为分布式在线条件梯度（D-OCG）的无投影算法（D-OCG），并获得了$ O（T^{3/4}）$遗憾的是凸出损失，其中$ t $是总回合的数量。但是，它需要$ t $通信回合，并且不能利用强大的损失凸度。在本文中，我们提出了一个改进的D-OCG的变体，即D-BOCG，可以达到相同的$ O（t^{3/4}）$遗憾，只有$ o（\ sqrt {t}）$凸损失的通信回合，以及$ o（t^{2/3}（\ log t）^{1/3}）$的更好遗憾，少于$ o（t^{1/3}（\ log log） t）^{2/3}）$通信回合，以实现强烈凸出的损失。关键思想是采用延迟的更新机制，以降低通信复杂性，并重新定义D-OCG中的替代损失功能以利用强凸度。此外，我们提供了下限，以证明D-BOCG所需的$ O（\ sqrt {t}）$通信回合是最佳的（以$ t $为单位）实现$ O（T^{3/4} ）$遗憾带有凸损失，以及$ o（t^{1/3}（\ log t）^{2/3}）$ d-bocg所需的通信回合近距离）实现$ o（t^{2/3}（\ log t）^{1/3}）$遗憾的是，强烈凸出的损失归属于多凝集因子。最后，为了处理更具挑战性的强盗设置，其中只有损失值可用，我们将经典的单点梯度估计器纳入D-BOCG，并获得类似的理论保证。

Benefiting from the intrinsic supervision information exploitation capability, contrastive learning has achieved promising performance in the field of deep graph clustering recently. However, we observe that two drawbacks of the positive and negative sample construction mechanisms limit the performance of existing algorithms from further improvement. 1) The quality of positive samples heavily depends on the carefully designed data augmentations, while inappropriate data augmentations would easily lead to the semantic drift and indiscriminative positive samples. 2) The constructed negative samples are not reliable for ignoring important clustering information. To solve these problems, we propose a Cluster-guided Contrastive deep Graph Clustering network (CCGC) by mining the intrinsic supervision information in the high-confidence clustering results. Specifically, instead of conducting complex node or edge perturbation, we construct two views of the graph by designing special Siamese encoders whose weights are not shared between the sibling sub-networks. Then, guided by the high-confidence clustering information, we carefully select and construct the positive samples from the same high-confidence cluster in two views. Moreover, to construct semantic meaningful negative sample pairs, we regard the centers of different high-confidence clusters as negative samples, thus improving the discriminative capability and reliability of the constructed sample pairs. Lastly, we design an objective function to pull close the samples from the same cluster while pushing away those from other clusters by maximizing and minimizing the cross-view cosine similarity between positive and negative samples. Extensive experimental results on six datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of CCGC compared with the existing state-of-the-art algorithms.

Recent studies have shown that using an external Language Model (LM) benefits the end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). However, predicting tokens that appear less frequently in the training set is still quite challenging. The long-tail prediction problems have been widely studied in many applications, but only been addressed by a few studies for ASR and LMs. In this paper, we propose a new memory augmented lookup dictionary based Transformer architecture for LM. The newly introduced lookup dictionary incorporates rich contextual information in training set, which is vital to correctly predict long-tail tokens. With intensive experiments on Chinese and English data sets, our proposed method is proved to outperform the baseline Transformer LM by a great margin on both word/character error rate and tail tokens error rate. This is achieved without impact on the decoding efficiency. Overall, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in boosting the ASR decoding performance, especially for long-tail tokens.

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, but the quality bar for medical and clinical applications is high. Today, attempts to assess models' clinical knowledge typically rely on automated evaluations on limited benchmarks. There is no standard to evaluate model predictions and reasoning across a breadth of tasks. To address this, we present MultiMedQA, a benchmark combining six existing open question answering datasets spanning professional medical exams, research, and consumer queries; and HealthSearchQA, a new free-response dataset of medical questions searched online. We propose a framework for human evaluation of model answers along multiple axes including factuality, precision, possible harm, and bias. In addition, we evaluate PaLM (a 540-billion parameter LLM) and its instruction-tuned variant, Flan-PaLM, on MultiMedQA. Using a combination of prompting strategies, Flan-PaLM achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on every MultiMedQA multiple-choice dataset (MedQA, MedMCQA, PubMedQA, MMLU clinical topics), including 67.6% accuracy on MedQA (US Medical License Exam questions), surpassing prior state-of-the-art by over 17%. However, human evaluation reveals key gaps in Flan-PaLM responses. To resolve this we introduce instruction prompt tuning, a parameter-efficient approach for aligning LLMs to new domains using a few exemplars. The resulting model, Med-PaLM, performs encouragingly, but remains inferior to clinicians. We show that comprehension, recall of knowledge, and medical reasoning improve with model scale and instruction prompt tuning, suggesting the potential utility of LLMs in medicine. Our human evaluations reveal important limitations of today's models, reinforcing the importance of both evaluation frameworks and method development in creating safe, helpful LLM models for clinical applications.

Real estate appraisal is a crucial issue for urban applications, which aims to value the properties on the market. Traditional methods perform appraisal based on the domain knowledge, but suffer from the efforts of hand-crafted design. Recently, several methods have been developed to automatize the valuation process by taking the property trading transaction into account when estimating the property value. However, existing methods only consider the real estate itself, ignoring the relation between the properties. Moreover, naively aggregating the information of neighbors fails to model the relationships between the transactions. To tackle these limitations, we propose a novel Neighbor Relation Graph Learning Framework (ReGram) by incorporating the relation between target transaction and surrounding neighbors with the attention mechanism. To model the influence between communities, we integrate the environmental information and the past price of each transaction from other communities. Moreover, since the target transactions in different regions share some similarities and differences of characteristics, we introduce a dynamic adapter to model the different distributions of the target transactions based on the input-related kernel weights. Extensive experiments on the real-world dataset with various scenarios demonstrate that ReGram robustly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, comprehensive ablation studies were conducted to examine the effectiveness of each component in ReGram.

Summary quality assessment metrics have two categories: reference-based and reference-free. Reference-based metrics are theoretically more accurate but are limited by the availability and quality of the human-written references, which are both difficulty to ensure. This inspires the development of reference-free metrics, which are independent from human-written references, in the past few years. However, existing reference-free metrics cannot be both zero-shot and accurate. In this paper, we propose a zero-shot but accurate reference-free approach in a sneaky way: feeding documents, based upon which summaries generated, as references into reference-based metrics. Experimental results show that this zero-shot approach can give us the best-performing reference-free metrics on nearly all aspects on several recently-released datasets, even beating reference-free metrics specifically trained for this task sometimes. We further investigate what reference-based metrics can benefit from such repurposing and whether our additional tweaks help.

Ultra-fine entity typing (UFET) predicts extremely free-formed types (e.g., president, politician) of a given entity mention (e.g., Joe Biden) in context. State-of-the-art (SOTA) methods use the cross-encoder (CE) based architecture. CE concatenates the mention (and its context) with each type and feeds the pairs into a pretrained language model (PLM) to score their relevance. It brings deeper interaction between mention and types to reach better performance but has to perform N (type set size) forward passes to infer types of a single mention. CE is therefore very slow in inference when the type set is large (e.g., N = 10k for UFET). To this end, we propose to perform entity typing in a recall-expand-filter manner. The recall and expand stages prune the large type set and generate K (K is typically less than 256) most relevant type candidates for each mention. At the filter stage, we use a novel model called MCCE to concurrently encode and score these K candidates in only one forward pass to obtain the final type prediction. We investigate different variants of MCCE and extensive experiments show that MCCE under our paradigm reaches SOTA performance on ultra-fine entity typing and is thousands of times faster than the cross-encoder. We also found MCCE is very effective in fine-grained (130 types) and coarse-grained (9 types) entity typing. Our code is available at \url{https://github.com/modelscope/AdaSeq/tree/master/examples/MCCE}.

Prior works on Information Extraction (IE) typically predict different tasks and instances (e.g., event triggers, entities, roles, relations) independently, while neglecting their interactions and leading to model inefficiency. In this work, we introduce a joint IE framework, HighIE, that learns and predicts multiple IE tasks by integrating high-order cross-task and cross-instance dependencies. Specifically, we design two categories of high-order factors: homogeneous factors and heterogeneous factors. Then, these factors are utilized to jointly predict labels of all instances. To address the intractability problem of exact high-order inference, we incorporate a high-order neural decoder that is unfolded from a mean-field variational inference method. The experimental results show that our approach achieves consistent improvements on three IE tasks compared with our baseline and prior work.

Dense retrievers have made significant strides in obtaining state-of-the-art results on text retrieval and open-domain question answering (ODQA). Yet most of these achievements were made possible with the help of large annotated datasets, unsupervised learning for dense retrieval models remains an open problem. In this work, we explore two categories of methods for creating pseudo query-document pairs, named query extraction (QExt) and transferred query generation (TQGen), to augment the retriever training in an annotation-free and scalable manner. Specifically, QExt extracts pseudo queries by document structures or selecting salient random spans, and TQGen utilizes generation models trained for other NLP tasks (e.g., summarization) to produce pseudo queries. Extensive experiments show that dense retrievers trained with individual augmentation methods can perform comparably well with multiple strong baselines, and combining them leads to further improvements, achieving state-of-the-art performance of unsupervised dense retrieval on both BEIR and ODQA datasets.